Parallel State Persistence

How parallel states are stored in the database and restored.

Related pages:

• Parallel States Overview - Basic concepts and syntax
• Event Handling - Events, entry/exit actions, @done
• Parallel Dispatch - Concurrent execution via queue jobs
• Persistence - General persistence documentation

Database Storage

Parallel state values are automatically persisted to the database. The machine_value column stores the array of active state IDs as JSON:

// State is persisted with all active regions
$machine = OrderWorkflowMachine::create();
$machine->send(['type' => 'START']);

// Get the root event ID for later restoration
$rootEventId = $machine->state->history->first()->root_event_id;

// Later, restore from database using the root event ID
$machine = OrderWorkflowMachine::create(state: $rootEventId);
$state = $machine->state;

// All parallel regions are restored
$state->matches('processing.payment.pending');   // true
$state->matches('processing.shipping.preparing'); // true

JSON Structure

The persisted state value is stored as a JSON array of fully-qualified state IDs:

{
  "machine_value": [
    "order_fulfillment.processing.payment.validating",
    "order_fulfillment.processing.shipping.picking",
    "order_fulfillment.processing.documents.generating"
  ]
}

When restored, EventMachine reconstructs the parallel state by:

1. Parsing the JSON array of state IDs
2. Validating each state path exists in the machine definition
3. Rebuilding the state tree with all active leaf states

Context Persistence

Context changes within parallel states are persisted incrementally. Each event stores only the context delta (what changed), not the full context:

// Event 1: Payment succeeds
$machine->send([
    'type' => 'PAYMENT_SUCCEEDED',
    'payload' => ['payment_id' => 'pay_123'],
]);
// Persists: {"payment_id": "pay_123"}

// Event 2: Shipping progresses
$machine->send(['type' => 'PICKED']);
// Persists: {} (no context change)

// Event 3: Shipping complete with tracking
$machine->send([
    'type' => 'SHIPPED',
    'payload' => ['tracking_number' => '1Z999...'],
]);
// Persists: {"tracking_number": "1Z999..."}

Restoration Patterns

Full Machine Restoration

Restore a machine to its exact state from any point:

use Tarfinlabs\EventMachine\Actor\Machine;

// Get the root event ID when creating the machine
$machine = OrderFulfillmentMachine::create();
$rootEventId = $machine->state->history->first()->root_event_id;

// Store root_event_id in your domain model
$order->update(['machine_root_event_id' => $rootEventId]);

// Later, restore the machine
$machine = OrderFulfillmentMachine::create(state: $order->machine_root_event_id);

// All regions are restored to their exact states
$machine->state->matches('processing.payment.charged');
$machine->state->matches('processing.shipping.packing');
$machine->state->context->payment_id;  // 'pay_123'

Using MachineCast with Eloquent

For automatic persistence with Eloquent models:

use Tarfinlabs\EventMachine\Casts\MachineCast;

class Order extends Model
{
    protected $casts = [
        'fulfillment_state' => MachineCast::class . ':' . OrderFulfillmentMachine::class,
    ];
}

// The cast handles root_event_id storage automatically
$order = Order::create(['customer_id' => 123]);
$order->fulfillment_state->send(['type' => 'PAYMENT_SUCCEEDED', 'payload' => ['payment_id' => 'pay_123']]);
$order->save();

// Later retrieval restores the full parallel state
$order = Order::find(1);
$order->fulfillment_state->state->matches('processing.payment.charged');  // true

Querying Machines by State

Find machines in specific parallel state combinations:

use Tarfinlabs\EventMachine\Models\MachineEvent;

// Find all orders where payment is charged but shipping is still picking
$events = MachineEvent::query()
    ->where('machine_id', 'order_fulfillment')
    ->whereJsonContains('machine_value', 'order_fulfillment.processing.payment.charged')
    ->whereJsonContains('machine_value', 'order_fulfillment.processing.shipping.picking')
    ->latest()
    ->get()
    ->unique('root_event_id');

Cross-Region State Queries

Query for specific combinations across regions:

// Orders ready to ship (payment charged, docs ready, shipping packed)
$ready_to_ship = MachineEvent::query()
    ->where('machine_id', 'order_fulfillment')
    ->whereJsonContains('machine_value', 'order_fulfillment.processing.payment.charged')
    ->whereJsonContains('machine_value', 'order_fulfillment.processing.documents.ready')
    ->whereJsonContains('machine_value', 'order_fulfillment.processing.shipping.ready_to_ship')
    ->latest()
    ->get()
    ->unique('root_event_id');

Handling Large Parallel State Trees

For machines with many parallel regions, consider:

Index Optimization

-- Index for state value searches
CREATE INDEX idx_machine_events_value
ON machine_events ((machine_value::jsonb));

-- Partial index for specific machine types
CREATE INDEX idx_order_fulfillment_states
ON machine_events ((machine_value::jsonb))
WHERE machine_id = 'order_fulfillment';

State Summarization

For complex parallel structures, store summary flags in context:

'actions' => [
    'markPaymentCompleteAction' => function (ContextManager $ctx): void {
        $ctx->set('payment_complete', true);
    },
    'markShippingCompleteAction' => function (ContextManager $ctx): void {
        $ctx->set('shipping_complete', true);
    },
],

Then query by context instead of state value:

MachineEvent::query()
    ->where('machine_id', 'order_fulfillment')
    ->whereJsonContains('context', ['payment_complete' => true])
    ->whereJsonContains('context', ['shipping_complete' => false])
    ->get();

Machine Locks Table

When Parallel Dispatch is enabled, concurrent queue jobs coordinate through a dedicated machine_locks database table. Publish the migration:

php artisan vendor:publish --tag=event-machine-migrations
php artisan migrate

The machine_locks table stores:

• key — Unique lock identifier (machine root event ID)
• owner — Current lock holder (job UUID)
• expiration — TTL-based stale lock cleanup

You can query this table directly for debugging:

SELECT * FROM machine_locks WHERE key LIKE 'mre:%';

Stale locks (from crashed workers) are automatically cleaned up when a new lock request detects an expired expiration timestamp.

Archival Considerations

When archiving parallel state machines, all regions are compressed together. See Archival for details on:

• Compression levels for parallel state data
• Restoration of archived parallel states
• Auto-restore behavior when new events arrive